Everything about Field Of Study totally explained
An
academic discipline, or field of study, is a branch of
knowledge which is
taught or
researched at the college or university level. Disciplines are defined and recognized by the
academic journals in which research is published, and the
learned societies and academic departments or faculties to which their practitioners belong.
Fields of study usually have several sub-disciplines or branches, and the distinguishing lines between these are often both arbitrary and ambiguous.
Overview
In
medieval Europe, there were only four
faculties in a university:
Theology,
Medicine,
Canon Law and
Liberal Arts (
Arts), with the last one having a somewhat lower status . Current-day university disciplines have their roots in the mid- to late-19th century
secularization of universities, when the traditional
curricula were supplemented with non-classical languages and literatures,
social sciences such as
political science,
economics and
public administration, and by
natural science and
technology disciplines such as
physics,
chemistry,
biology, and
engineering.
In the early 20th century, new disciplines such as
education,
sociology, and
psychology were added. In the 1970s and 1980s, there was an explosion of new disciplines focusing on specific themes, such as
media studies,
women's studies, and
Black studies. Many disciplines designed as preparation for careers and professions, such as
nursing,
hospitality management, and
corrections also emerged in the universities. Finally, the visibility of such interdisciplinary scientific fields as
biochemistry and
geophysics increased, as their contribution to knowledge became widely recognized.
A "*" denotes a field whose academic status is debated. Note that the area into which some fields should be classified is debated, such as whether
anthropology and
linguistics are
social sciences disciplines or
humanities disciplines. Note that some people, particularly
critical theorists are critical of the division of disciplines, and virtually every division of disciplines, as well as the structure of the concept of disciplines in general, is disputed by some.
A provocative question to ask might be "how many disciplines of study are there?" And an answer to this question could reasonably be that there's no end to the amount of academic disciplines one could have.
In academia today, it's a growing practice to incorporate fields of study that are created by extending the ideas, theories, and methods of more traditional disciplines. Also, new times and revolutionary thinkers can enhance or renew existing disciplines, or even create new disciplines altogether. For example, it can be argued that
Freud created a new sub-field of
psychology with his new perspective of
psychoanalysis.
» See also Branches of history
Metaphysics
Epistemology
Logic
Ethics
Aesthetics
Social and Political Philosophy
Philosophical traditions and schools
History of philosophy
Applied philosophy
» See also Branches of philosophy
Abrahamic religions
Indian religions
Taoic religions
Other religions
Atheism and Humanism
Comparative religion
Mythology and Folklore
Western Esotericism (academia)
» See also List of religions
» See also List of languages, Branches of linguistics, Anthropological linguistics
English literature
World literatures
Literary theory
Creative writing
Art history
Calligraphy
Creative arts
Drawing
Fine arts
Painting
Photography
Printmaking
Studio art
Sculpture
Art Conservation
Architecture and related design
Industrial design (product design)
Fashion design
Textile design
Visual communication
Music
Performance and literature
Orchestral studies
Dance
Film and Television
Theatre
Biological anthropology
Anthropological linguistics
Cultural anthropology
Historical anthropology
Medical anthropology
» See also Branches of anthropology
Classical archaeology
Egyptology
Experimental archaeology
Maritime archaeology
Near Eastern archaeology
Paleoanthropology
Prehistoric archaeology
» See also Branches of archaeology
American studies
Appalachian studies
African studies
Asian studies
Canadian studies
Celtic studies
European studies
German studies
Indology (Indian studies)
Iranian studies
Japanology (Japanese studies)
Latin American studies
Sinology (Chinese studies)
Scandinavian studies
Slavic studies
» See also Branches of area studies
Agricultural economics
Behavioural economics
Bioeconomics
Computational economics
Consumer economics
Development economics
Ecological economics
Econometrics
Economic geography
Economic history
Economic sociology
Economic systems
Energy economics
Entrepreneurial economics
Environmental economics
Evolutionary economics
Experimental economics
Feminist economics
Financial economics
Game theory
Green economics
Growth economics
Human development theory
Industrial organization
Information economics
Institutional economics
International economics
Islamic economics
Labor economics
Law and economics
Macroeconomics
Managerial economics
Mathematical economics
Microeconomics
Monetary economics
Neuroeconomics
Political economy
Public finance
Public economics
Real estate economics
Resource economics
Socialist economics
Socioeconomics
Transport economics
Welfare economics
Asian American Studies
Black studies or African American studies
Chicano studies
Latino studies
Native American studies
Persian Studies
Italian American Studies
Feminine psychology
Gender studies/Gender theory
Heterosexism
Human sexual behavior
Human sexuality
Masculine psychology
Men's studies
Queer studies/Queer theory
Sex education
Sexology
Women's studies
Cartography
Human geography » * Cultural geography
:* Feminist geography » * Economic geography
:* Development geography » * Historical geography
:* Time geography » * Political geography & geopolitics
:* Military geography » :* Strategic geography
» * Population geography
* Social geography » :* Behavioral geography
:* Children's geographies » :* Health geography
:* Tourism geography » * Urban geography
Environmental geography
Physical geography » * Biogeography
* Climatology » :*Palaeoclimatology
» * Coastal geography
* Geomorphology » * Geodesy
* Hydrology/Hydrography » :* Glaciology
:* Limnology » :* Oceanography
* Landscape ecology » * Palaeogeography
Regional geography
» See also Branches of geography
American politics
Canadian politics
Civics
Comparative politics
Geopolitics (Political geography)
International relations
International organizations
Peace and conflict studies (Irenology)
Policy analysis/Policy studies
Political behavior
Political culture
Political economy
Political history
Political philosophy
Psephology
Public administration
Public policy
» See also Branches of political science
Abnormal psychology
Applied psychology
Behavioural science
Biological psychology
Clinical psychology
» See also Branches of psychology,
Applied sociology
Collective behavior
Community informatics
Comparative sociology
Conflict theory
Cultural studies
Criminology/Criminal justice
Demography/Population
Environmental sociology
Feminist sociology
Future studies
Human ecology
Interactionism
Medical sociology
Organizational studies
Science studies/Science and technology studies
Social capital
Social control
Social economy
Social philosophy
Social psychology
Social policy
Social research
Social theory
Social stratification
Sociological theory
Sociobiology
Sociocybernetics
Sociolinguistics
Urban studies or Urban sociology/Rural sociology
Visual sociology
» See also Branches of sociology
Analytical chemistry
Biochemistry
Cheminformatics
Computational chemistry
Materials science
Mathematical chemistry
Quantum chemistry
Inorganic chemistry
Organic chemistry
Physical chemistry
Theoretical chemistry
Interface and Colloid Science
» See also Branches of chemistry
Edaphology
Environmental science
Environmental chemistry
Gemology
Geodesy
Geography
Geology
Geochemistry
Geomorphology
Geophysics
Glaciology
Hydrogeology
Hydrology
Meteorology
Mineralogy
Oceanography
Pedology
Paleontology
Planetary science
Sedimentology
Soil science
» See also Branches of earth sciences
Biochemistry
Bioinformatics
Biology
» See also Branches of life sciences
Acoustics
Astrophysics
Atomic, molecular, and optical physics
Biophysics
Theoretical physics
Computational physics
Condensed matter physics
Cryogenics
Electromagnetism
Elementary particle physics
Fluid dynamics
Geophysics
Mathematical physics
Medical physics
Materials science
Mechanics
Molecular physics
Nuclear physics
Newtonian dynamics
Optics
Plasma physics
Quantum physics
Solid state physics
Statistical mechanics
Vehicle dynamics
Thermodynamics
Applied Physics
» See also Branches of physics
Astrobiology
Astronomy
» See also Branches of astronomy
Theory of computation
Algorithms
Data structures
Computer architecture
Operating systems
Computer communications (networks)
Computer security and reliability
Distributed computing
Parallel computing
Quantum computing
Computer graphics
Software engineering
Programming languages
Information science
Artificial intelligence
Human-computer interaction
Computing in Mathematics, Natural sciences, Engineering and Medicine
» See also Branches of computer science and ACM Computing Classification System
Algebra
Analysis
Probability theory
Geometry and Topology
Number theory
Logic and Foundations of mathematics
Applied mathematics
» See also Branches of mathematics and AMS Mathematics Subject Classification
Chaos theory
Complex systems
Complexity theory
Cybernetics
Control theory
Operations research
Systems biology
Systems dynamics
Systems ecology